Description: This paper presents the modeling of mortality risk from exposure to a potential future extreme event such as a natural disaster and a terrorist attack, and its impact on life insurance. With this new model, quantities associated with the total force of mortality such as survival function are derived and the impact of mortality risk on life insurance is examined.

Description: This paper discusses some of the models used to quantify risk, note some areas where improvements in standard methods are needed, and in some cases suggest alternative approaches for risks in Property and Casualty Insurance and Life Insurance.

Description: This document is a summary of a presentation made at the 1975 SOA annual meeting discussing current and future trends with regard to: a Population and mortality, b Family structure, c Forms and role of government, d Economic forces including the saving process, productivity, and inflation., and e Public attitudes. The impact of these items on savings vs protection, individual versus pension, public versus private, pension product design, marketing and distribution and investment policy is discussed.

Description: This paper, originally published in 1969 in Transactions of Society of Actuaries Vol. 21, presents an analysis of the basic actuarial theory for life insurance policies with fixed premiums and variable benefits reflecting the investment performance of a separate account, where in its basic form, the policyholder bears the entire investment risk. The paper discusses various regulatory and other changes that would be needed or desirable, as well as variation in design such as minimum guarantees. Significant discussion is included, with over twenty individuals contributing in addition to the authors. The introduction to the Monograph notes that while not the first paper on this topic, it “clearly established the framework for subsequent developments of variable products.”

Description: This paper expands on the traditional three-factor interest, mortality, and expenses dividend contribution formula to propose a new dividend structure. The structure and formula are derived from the most generalized equation of equilibrium, and each dividend class is treated as an ongoing microcosm. From Society of Actuaries Financial Reporting Monograph, M-AS99-1.

Description: The original purpose of this paper was to review the principles and practice of life-office valuations in the light of modern conditions. The author discusses the theory of matching assets and liabilities, or immunization and reviews gross premium valuations, net premium valuations and bonus reserve valuation. He also covers the different purposes behind the valuations.